Advanced SQL Injection - Defcon 17 - john Mccray
According to OWASP top 10 vulnerabilities of 2010, SQL injection is the most dangerous and most common vulnerability around, A SQL Injection vulnerability occurs due to improper input validation or no input validation at all, what I mean by improper or no input validation is the user input is not filtered(for escape characters) before it gets passed to the SQL database, A Sql injection attack can be any many forms, but it's usually categorized into 3 types:
1. Inband
2. Out of band
3. Inferential
n this presentation john Mccray discusses some of advanced SQL Injection methods and topics such as IDS evasion, filter bypassing etc.
Read More
Add your Comment
0
comments
BackTrack 5 R1 Released - Penetration Testing Distribution
BackTrack is a Linux-based penetration testing arsenal that aids security professionals in the ability to perform assessments in a purely native environment dedicated to hacking. Regardless if you’re making BackTrack your primary operating system, booting from a LiveDVD, or using your favorite thumbdrive, BackTrack has been customized down to every package, kernel configuration, script and patch solely for the purpose of the penetration tester.
Official BackTrack 5 R1 change log:
- This release contains over 120 bug fixes, 30 new tools and 70 tool updates.
- The kernel was updated to 2.6.39.4 and includes the relevant injection patches.
According to the guys at OffSec, This release is their best one yet! Some pesky issues such as rfkill in VMWare with rtl8187 issues have been fixed, which provides for a much more solid experience with BackTrack.We’ve have Gnome and KDE ISO images for 32 and 64 bit (no arm this release), as well as a VMWare image of a 32 bit Gnome install, with VMWare Tools pre-installed.
We are mighty excited and are already downloading this release just as we speak!
Download Backtrack 5 R1
Read More
Add your Comment
0
comments
Reverse Engineering Hacking Tutorial- Introduction to assembly language
Hello friends, lets continue our tutorial on reverse engineering. Today i will teach you assembly language basic that are necessary for learning reverse engineering. As we all know assembly language is very important for reverse engineering and we must know, what are registers and which register serves for what. How the assembly language instruction work and how can we relate them with normal high language coding( C, JAVA, VB, etc.) to hack any software. So friends, lets start our reverse engineering hacking class part 2..
 |
| Reverse Engineering Hacking Tutorial- Introduction to assembly language |
What is Assembly language?
Assembly language is a low level or simply called machine language made up of machine instructions. Assembly language is specific to processor architecture example different for x86 architecture than for SPARC architecture. Assembly language consist of assembly instructions and CPU registers. hackguide4u(Adnan) means I will explain my tutorial considering x86 architecture... Ahhha... From where i start explaining to you ... assembly language is too big topic... I think i have to tell only what you need for reverse engineering.. So i start from CPU registers.
CPU registers - Brief Introduction:
First of all what are registers? Most of Computer Engineering and Electronics Engineering guys knows about them but for others, Registers are small segments of memory inside CPU that are used for storing temporary data. Some registers have specific functions, others are just use for some general data storage. I am considering that you all are using x86 machines. There are two types of processors 32 bit and 64 bit processors. In a 32 bit processor, each register can hold 32 bits of data. On the other hand 64 bit register can hold 64 bit data. I am explaining this tutorial considering that we are using 32 bit processors. I will explain the same for 64 bits in later classes on hackguide4u and hackingloops.
There are several registers but for Reverse engineering we hackguide4u users are only interested in general purpose registers. We are interested in only 9 General purpose registers namely:
EAX
EBX
ECX
EDX
ESI
EDI
ESP
EBP
EIP
All these registers serves for different purposes. So I will start explaining all of them one by one for a more clear and accurate understanding of register concepts. I am putting more strain on these because these registers are called heart of reverse engineering.
EAX register is accumulator register which is used to store results of calculations. If any function returns a value its stored into EAX register. We can access EAX register using functions to retrieve the value of EAX register.
Note: EAX register can also be used for holding normal values regardless of calculations too.
The EDX is the data register. It’s basically an extension of EAX to assist it in storing extra data for complex operations. It can also be used for general purpose data storage.
The ECX, also called the count register, is used for looping operations. The repeated operations could be storing a string or counting numbers.
The ESI and EDI relied upon by loops that process data. The ESI register is the source index for data operation and holds the location of the input data stream. The EDI points to the location where the result of data operation is stored, or the destination index.
ESP is the stack pointer, and EBP is the base pointer. These registers are used for managing function calls and stack operations. When a function is called, the function’s arguments are pushed on the stack and are followed by a return address. The ESP register points to the very top of the stack, so it will point to the return address. EBP is used to point to the bottom of the call stack.
EBX is the only register that was not designed for anything specific. It can be used for extra storage.
EIP is the register that points to the current instruction being executed. As the CPU moves through the binary executing code, EIP is updated to reflect the location where the execution is occurring.
The 'E' at the beginning of each register name stands for Extended. When a register is referred to by its extended name, it indicates that all 32 bits of the register are being addressed. An interesting thing about registers is that they can be broken down into smaller subsets of themselves; the first sixteen bits of each register can be referenced by simply removing the 'E' from the name. For example, if you wanted to only manipulate the first sixteen bits of the EAX register, you would refer to it as the AX register. Additionally, registers AX through DX can be further broken down into two eight bit parts. So, if you wanted to manipulate only the first eight bits (bits 0-7) of the AX register, you would refer to the register as AL; if you wanted to manipulate the last eight bits (bits 8-15) of the AX register, you would refer to the register as AH ('L' standing for Low and 'H' standing for High).
Introduction to Memory and Stacks:
There are three main sections of memory:
1. Stack Section - Where the stack is located, stores local variables and function arguments.
2. Data Section - Where the heap is located, stores static and dynamic variables.
3. Code Section - Where the actual program instructions are located.
The stack section starts at the high memory addresses and grows downwards, towards the lower memory addresses; conversely, the data section (heap) starts at the lower memory addresses and grows upwards, towards the high memory addresses. Therefore, the stack and the heap grow towards each other as more variables are placed in each of those sections. I have shown that in below Figure..
1. Stack Section - Where the stack is located, stores local variables and function arguments.
2. Data Section - Where the heap is located, stores static and dynamic variables.
3. Code Section - Where the actual program instructions are located.
The stack section starts at the high memory addresses and grows downwards, towards the lower memory addresses; conversely, the data section (heap) starts at the lower memory addresses and grows upwards, towards the high memory addresses. Therefore, the stack and the heap grow towards each other as more variables are placed in each of those sections. I have shown that in below Figure..
High Memory Addresses (0xFFFFFFFF)
---------------------- <-----Bottom of the stack
| |
| | |
| Stack | | Stack grows down
| | v
| |
|---------------------| <----Top of the stack (ESP points here)
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|---------------------| <----Top of the heap
| |
| | ^
| Heap | | Heap grows up
| | |
| |
|---------------------| <-----Bottom of the heap
| |
| Instructions |
| |
| |
-----------------------
Low Memory Addresses (0x00000000)
Some Essential Assembly Instructions for Reverse Engineering:
| Instruction | Example | Description |
| push | push eax | Pushes the value stored in EAX onto the stack |
| pop | pop eax | Pops a value off of the stack and stores it in EAX |
| call | call 0x08abcdef | Calls a function located at 0x08abcdef |
| mov | mov eax,0x5 | Moves the value of 5 into the EAX register |
| sub | sub eax,0x4 | Subtracts 4 from the value in the EAX register |
| add | add eax,0x1 | Adds 1 to the value in the EAX register |
| inc | inc eax | Increases the value stored in EAX by one |
| dec | dec eax | Decreases the value stored in EAX by one |
| cmp | cmp eax,edx | Compare values in EAX and EDX; if equal set the zero flag* to 1 |
| test | test eax,edx | Performs an AND operation on the values in EAX and EDX; if the result is zero, sets the zero flag to 1 |
| jmp | jmp 0x08abcde | Jump to the instruction located at 0x08abcde |
| jnz | jnz 0x08ffff01 | Jump if the zero flag is set to 1 |
| jne | jne 0x08ffff01 | Jump to 0x08ffff01 if a comparison is not equal |
| and | and eax,ebx | Performs a bit wise AND operation on the values stored in EAX and EBX; the result is saved in EAX |
| or | or eax,ebx | Performs a bit wise OR operation on the values stored in EAX and EBX; the result is saved in EAX |
| xor | xor eax,eax | Performs a bit wise XOR operation on the values stored in EAX and EBX; the result is saved in EAX |
| leave | leave | Remove data from the stack before returning |
| ret | ret | Return to a parent function |
| nop | nop | No operation (a 'do nothing' instruction) |
*The zero flag (ZF) is a 1 bit indicator which records the result of a cmp or test instruction
Each instruction performs one specific task, and can deal directly with registers, memory addresses, and the contents thereof. It is easiest to understand exactly what these functions are used for when seen in the context of a simple hello world program and try to relate assembly language with high level language such as C language.
Each instruction performs one specific task, and can deal directly with registers, memory addresses, and the contents thereof. It is easiest to understand exactly what these functions are used for when seen in the context of a simple hello world program and try to relate assembly language with high level language such as C language.
Here is simple C program that displays Hello World:
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { printf("Hello World!\n"); return 0; }
Save this program as helloworld.c and compile it with 'gcc -o helloworld helloworld.c'; run the resulting binary and it should print "Hello World!" on the screen and exit. Ahhah... It looks quite simple. Now let's look how it will look in assembly language.
0x8048384 push ebp <--- Save the EBP value on the stack
0x8048385 mov ebp,esp <--- Create a new EBP value for this function
0x8048387 sub esp,0x8 <---Allocate 8 bytes on the stack for local variables
0x804838a and esp,0xfffffff0 <---Clear the last byte of the ESP register
0x804838d mov eax,0x0 <---Place a zero in the EAX register
0x8048392 sub esp,eax <---Subtract EAX (0) from the value in ESP
0x8048394 mov DWORD PTR [esp],0x80484c4 <---Place our argument for the printf() (at address 0x08048384) onto the stack
0x804839b call 0x80482b0 <_init+56> <---Call printf()
0x80483a0 mov eax,0x0 <---Put our return value (0) into EAX
0x80483a5 leave <---Clean up the local variables and restore the EBP value
0x80483a6 ret <---Pop the saved EIP value back into the EIP register
As you can easily figure out these instructions are similar to that of C program. You can easily note that flow of program is same. Off course it will be same as its a assembly code of same binary (exe) obtained from executing above C program.
I hope you all like it. We will continue our discussion tomorrow where i will explain how to analyze assembly language codes for those binaries whose high level source code we don't have.
A quick tip for all users how to learn assembly language better... Pick a already made code and generate its binary or exe file and now obtains the assembly code of that binary and try to relate assembly code with high language code. I guarantee that will surely help you to understand better as I always used to do understand things like these ways only.
Read More
Add your Comment
2
comments
Best Password Hacking Breaking Tools 2011 Link Updated
Hello Friends , Today I am sharing with you my latest Collection of "Best Password Hacking Tools 2011". Using this password hacking kit you will be able to crack a lot of passwords like Windows Admin password, pdf passwords, zip files passwords, document passwords, rar passwords and much more.. I am sure you will like this post.
This Password Hacking Kit Consists of following Password Hacking Breaking Tools:
1. PDF Password Remover
2. Windows XP Admin Password Remover
3. Zip File Password Cracker.
4. SQL Password Remover
5. Microsoft Office Password Remover.
6. Microsoft Windows Vista Password Remover.
7. Rar File Password Cracker
8. Windows Password Recovery Kit
9. Password Changer.
10. Distributed File Password Recovery..
and much more..
As the name of the tools suggests its a complete password hacking Kit. So guys Enjoy Latest Hacking tools ..
How to Use it??
1. Download the Password Hacking Kit From Below:
2. Extract the file and Install it.
Read More
Add your Comment
2
comments
Reverse Engineering Hacking Tutorial
Today i will teach you basics of Reverse Engineering and in further hacking classes we will discuss it in depth with practical reverse engineering examples.
Today we will discuss what is reverse engineering? How its useful for ethical hacks? Common terms used in reverse engineering. In next post i will share the best reverse engineering software's and tools that i normally use to reverse engineer any program, software or windows file. So friends, lets start our hacking class of reverse engineering.
What is Reverse Engineering?
Have you ever noticed, Nokia or Iphone made an application and after few days you find that on Samsung or any other mobile device. Its nothing that difficult, its called reverse engineering. They decode their programs to get the basic structure of the original program and then following the structure codes their own and sometimes doesn't even happen just make some code changes and uses them.
According to Wikipedia "Reverse engineering is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device, object or system through analysis of its structure, function and operation. It often involves taking something (e.g., a mechanical device, electronic component, biological, chemical or organic matter or software program) apart and analyzing its workings in detail to be used in maintenance, or to try to make a new device or program that does the same thing without using or simply duplicating (without understanding) the original".
Ahh.. more technology related. I will explain you in better way. As the name suggest reverse engineer means if have something already made, in computer field say exe installer file. Now what reverse engineering is, decoding the exe in such as fashion that we will get original source code or some what near to it. Consider an example, you have a wall made of bricks, here bricks are base material to build the wall. Now what we want to do is we want to obtain all the bricks from the wall. Similarly we have an executable or dll file and we know programs are made from coding only, so source codes are base material in building executable. So we want to obtain the source code from the executable or some what near to it. As when you break wall also to get the bricks some bricks are also got broken and that's all depend type of material used to fix or mend bricks to make the wall. Similarly the retrieval of source code from executable depends upon how securely software is being packed and type of cryptography or packer is used by its designer.
I hope now you have got what exactly reverse engineering is...
What is the use or benefit of Reverse Engineering?
I can guarantee most of internet users use cracks or keygens or patches. Have you ever tried to understand how they are made. Ahhh... I know you haven't. So let me give you clear information. All the keygens or cracks or patches of software's are made by technique called Reverse Engineering. Oops... I was going to tell the benefits.. what i am telling...negative features... But these are features of reverse engineering my friends and most commonly used by all famous organizations as its a part of their Program promoting methodolgy.
Other Beneficial Uses of Reverse Engineering:
- Product analysis: To examine how a product works
- Removal of copy protection, circumvention of access restrictions.
- Security auditing.
- Extremely useful when you lost documentation.
- Academic/learning purposes.
- Competitive technical intelligence (understand what your competitor is actually doing, versus what they say they are doing).
- Last but not the least..Learning: learn from others' mistakes. Do not make the same mistakes that others have already made and subsequently corrected.
Common Terms Used in Reverse Engineering:
1. Debugger
2. Deassembler
3. Decompiler
4. Packers or Unpackers
5. Program Obfuscation
6. Hex Editing
7. Cryptography
I will explain these terms in detail in my next article. Till then you can explore these topics on internet so that you will have some prior knowledge of Reverse Engineering terms.
Note: Reverse Engineering articles will going to be more advanced and technology oriented which surely requires prior knowledge of Assembly language specially registers and accumulators and several reverse engineering commands like JMP, DCL etc..
Read More
Add your Comment
2
comments
winAUTOPWN v2.7 Released - Vulnerability Testing on Windows
winAUTOPWN and bsdAUTOPWN are minimal Interactive Frameworks which act as a frontend for quick systems vulnerability exploitation. It takes inputs like IP address, Hostname, CMS Path, etc. and does a smart multi- threaded portscan for TCP ports 1 to 65535. Exploits capable of giving Remote Shells, which are released publicly over the Internet by active contributors and exploit writers are constantly added to winAUTOPWN/bsdAUTOPWN. A lot of these exploits are written in scripting languages like python, perl and php. Presence of these language interpreters is essential for successful exploitations using winAUTOPWN/bsdAUTOPWN.
Exploits written in languages like C, Delphi, ASM which can be compiled are pre-compiled and added along-with others. On successful exploitation winAUTOPWN/bsdAUTOPWN gives a remote shell and waits for the attacker to use the shell before trying other exploits. This way the attacker can count and check the number of exploits which actually worked on a Target System.
Download
Read More
Add your Comment
0
comments
WebsiteDefender – Ensure Your Website Security
WebsiteDefender is an online service that monitors your website for hacker activity, audits the security of your web site and gives you easy to understand solutions to keep your website safe. With WebsiteDefender you can:
- Detect Malware present on your website
- Audit your web site for security issues
- Avoid getting blacklisted by Google
- Keep your web site content & data safe
- Get alerted to suspicious hacker activity
They’ve even released two WordPress plugins which you can find here:
WP Security Scan & Secure WordPress
You can check out the website here and sign up for a free account to test it out:
http://www.websitedefender.com/
They are on Twitter too @WebsiteDefender & Facebook.
Read More
Add your Comment
0
comments